Below are Some Important GCP CloudSQL
DBA Interview Questions
Question 1: What is Google Cloud SQL? Answer: Google Cloud SQL is a fully-managed relational database service that allows you to create, manage, and maintain relational databases on Google Cloud Platform. Question 2: What database engines are supported by Google Cloud SQL? Answer: Google Cloud SQL supports MySQL, PostgreSQL, and SQL Server as database engines. Question 3: How do you create a Google Cloud SQL instance? Answer: You can create a Google Cloud SQL instance using the Google Cloud Console, gcloud command-line tool, or Google Cloud Deployment Manager. Question 4: What is the purpose of the failover replica in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: The failover replica is a standby replica that is automatically promoted to the primary instance in case the primary becomes unavailable. Question 5: How can you secure data at rest in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: Google Cloud SQL automatically encrypts data at rest using AES-256 encryption. You can't disable this encryption. Question 6: Explain the concept of read replicas in Google Cloud SQL. Answer: Read replicas are copies of the primary instance that can be used to distribute read traffic and improve read performance. Question 7: How do you create a read replica in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: You can create a read replica from the primary instance using the Google Cloud Console or gcloud command-line tool. Question 8: What is the purpose of the automatic backups feature in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: Automatic backups are regularly scheduled backups that allow you to restore your database to a previous point in time. Question 9: How can you import data into a Google Cloud SQL instance? Answer: You can import data using SQL dump files, CSV files, or other data transfer tools like gcloud sql import. Question 10: What is the high availability configuration in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: High availability configuration involves using failover replicas to automatically promote a standby replica to the primary instance in case of a failure. Question 11: How do you scale up/down the resources of a Google Cloud SQL instance? Answer: You can scale resources vertically by changing the instance type or horizontally by adding read replicas. Question 12: Explain the concept of maintenance windows in Google Cloud SQL. Answer: Maintenance windows are specified time ranges during which Google Cloud SQL can perform maintenance operations on the instance. Question 13: How can you connect to a Google Cloud SQL instance securely? Answer: You can connect using SSL/TLS encryption and IAM-based authentication to ensure secure communication with the instance. Question 14: What is the purpose of the connection pool in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: The connection pool helps manage database connections, optimizing resource usage and preventing connection overload. Question 15: How do you perform point-in-time recovery in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: You can perform point-in-time recovery using automated backups or binary log backups to restore your instance to a specific point in time. Question 16: Explain the concept of binary log backups in Google Cloud SQL. Answer: Binary log backups are incremental backups that capture changes made to the database. They are used for point-in-time recovery and read replicas. Question 17: How can you monitor and troubleshoot Google Cloud SQL instances? Answer: You can use Google Cloud Console, Cloud Monitoring, and Cloud Logging to monitor performance and troubleshoot issues. Question 18: What is the purpose of the gcloud sql proxy tool? Answer: The gcloud sql proxy tool is used to securely connect to a Google Cloud SQL instance from an external application. Question 19: Explain the concept of failover testing in Google Cloud SQL. Answer: Failover testing involves simulating a failover scenario to ensure that the failover process works as expected. Question 20: How do you perform failover testing in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: You can perform failover testing by promoting a failover replica to the primary instance and then promoting it back to the original primary. Question 21: What is the purpose of maintenance updates in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: Maintenance updates include patches and updates for the database engine. They are automatically applied during the maintenance window. Question 22: How can you change the maintenance window of a Google Cloud SQL instance? Answer: You can change the maintenance window using the Google Cloud Console or gcloud command-line tool. Question 23: Explain the concept of binary log retention in Google Cloud SQL. Answer: Binary log retention specifies how long binary logs are retained. Longer retention periods allow for longer point-in-time recovery windows. Question 24: What is the purpose of the connection limit in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: The connection limit sets the maximum number of concurrent connections that can be established to the instance. Question 25: How do you secure Google Cloud SQL connections using SSL/TLS certificates? Answer: You can upload and configure SSL/TLS certificates in Google Cloud SQL to secure connections between clients and the instance. Question 26: Explain the concept of cross-region replication in Google Cloud SQL. Answer: Cross-region replication involves replicating data from a primary instance in one region to a standby replica in another region. Question 27: What is the purpose of the maintenance exclusions feature in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: Maintenance exclusions allow you to skip a specific maintenance window for your instance, preventing updates during that time. Question 28: How do you perform failover in Google Cloud SQL high availability configurations? Answer: Failover is automatic in high availability configurations. The standby replica is promoted to primary if the primary instance becomes unavailable. Question 29: Explain the concept of VPC peering in Google Cloud SQL. Answer: VPC peering allows you to establish private communication between instances in different VPC networks. Question 30: How do you configure IP whitelisting for Google Cloud SQL connections? Answer: You can configure IP whitelisting by adding IP addresses or CIDR ranges to the authorized networks list of the instance. Question 31: What is the purpose of maintenance backups in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: Maintenance backups are taken before performing a maintenance operation on the instance, allowing you to restore the instance if needed. Question 32: How can you optimize the performance of Google Cloud SQL instances? Answer: You can optimize performance by choosing the appropriate instance type, configuring indexes, and tuning database parameters. Question 33: Explain the concept of database flags in Google Cloud SQL. Answer: Database flags are configuration options that control various aspects of the database engine behavior. Question 34: What is the purpose of the maintenance settings in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: Maintenance settings allow you to control when and how maintenance operations are performed on the instance. Question 35: How do you configure automated backups retention for Google Cloud SQL instances? Answer: You can configure automated backups retention by specifying the desired retention period for the instance. Question 36: Explain the concept of automated backups encryption in Google Cloud SQL. Answer: Automated backups in Google Cloud SQL are encrypted using Google Cloud Storage encryption keys. Question 37: What is the purpose of the instance name in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: The instance name is a unique identifier for your Google Cloud SQL instance in your Google Cloud project. Question 38: How can you monitor query performance in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: You can use the Google Cloud Console, Cloud Monitoring, and Cloud Logging to monitor query performance and identify bottlenecks. Question 39: Explain the concept of high availability for Google Cloud SQL instances. Answer: High availability involves using failover replicas to ensure that the database remains available even if the primary instance fails. Question 40: How do you configure IP connectivity for Google Cloud SQL instances? Answer: You can configure IP connectivity by specifying authorized networks that are allowed to connect to the instance. Question 41: What is the purpose of the connection pool in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: The connection pool helps manage database connections, preventing excessive connection requests that can overload the instance. Question 42: How can you optimize query performance in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: You can optimize query performance by creating indexes, optimizing SQL queries, and choosing appropriate instance resources. Question 43: Explain the concept of the read-only instance in Google Cloud SQL. Answer: The read-only instance is a replica of the primary instance that allows you to offload read traffic and improve read performance. Question 44: What is the purpose of the Google Cloud SQL pricing model? Answer: The Google Cloud SQL pricing model is based on the instance type, storage, network egress, and additional features like automatic backups. Question 45: How can you enable automatic storage increase for Google Cloud SQL instances? Answer: Automatic storage increase can be enabled during instance creation or by modifying the instance settings. Question 46: Explain the concept of automatic storage management in Google Cloud SQL. Answer: Automatic storage management dynamically increases the storage capacity of the instance when it approaches its storage limit. Question 47: How do you perform point-in-time recovery in Google Cloud SQL using binary log backups? Answer: You can perform point-in-time recovery using binary log backups by restoring a backup and then applying binary log backups to reach the desired time. Question 48: What is the purpose of the failover target configuration in Google Cloud SQL? Answer: The failover target configuration specifies a standby replica to be promoted to primary in case the primary instance becomes unavailable. Question 49: Explain the concept of database import and export in Google Cloud SQL. Answer: Database import and export involve transferring data between Google Cloud SQL and external sources using SQL dump files or other tools. Question 50: How do you perform cross-region replication for Google Cloud SQL instances? Answer: Cross-region replication can be achieved using read replicas, manually replicating data, or using third-party data replication tools
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